mankhwala

Small mauna zipatso, masamba chivundikiro kuteteza tizirombo
Kusankhidwa kwa neti ya tizilombo:
Monga mtundu watsopano wazinthu zophimba zaulimi, ukonde woteteza tizilombo nthawi zambiri umapezeka mu 25, 30, 40, 50, 60 mesh ndi zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo mtunduwo umagawidwa kukhala woyera, siliva-grey, ndi zina zotero.
Mfundo za ukonde wa tizilombo ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi cholinga chogwiritsira ntchito, monga kupewa tizilombo kapena kupewa chisanu, kupewa kugwa kwa zipatso ndi kupewa mvula yamkuntho.
Nthawi zambiri sankhani ma neti 40 a tizilombo oyera.Akagwiritsidwa ntchito poweta mbande zopanda poizoni, ma meshes 60 amatha kusankhidwa kuti atsimikizire kudzipatula ndikuwongolera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga ma psyllids ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Ntchito yaikulu yophimba ukonde wa tizilombo:
1. Letsani zamoyo zakunja
Malinga ndi kukula kwa pobowo lake, maukonde a tizilombo omwe amatsekereza zamoyo zakunja angathandize kwambiri kutsekereza tizirombo, mbalame ndi makoswe omwe amawononga mbewu.M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa machitidwe obzala ndi kulima, kukonzanso kwa mitundu ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, mitundu, kugawa ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo ta citrus zasinthanso.Palinso nthata, tizilombo ta mamba, whiteflies, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi migodi ya masamba.M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha canker m'malo opangirako kumwera kwawonetsa pang'onopang'ono.
Ukadaulo wophimba ukonde woteteza tizilombo ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kukhazikitsa mbande za citrus ndi mitengo ina yazipatso yopanda kachilombo.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poletsa kuchitika ndi kufalikira kwa tizirombo takupha monga nsabwe zamtundu wa citrus ndi ma psyllids a citrus, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mbande zamitengo yazipatso zizikhala zotetezeka.Kuyesera kumasonyeza kuti pansi pa 40 maukonde oletsa tizilombo, chiwerengero cha psyllids, akangaude ofiira ndi oyendetsa masamba mu nyumba yaukonde ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zomwe zili panja, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ukonde woletsa tizilombo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli. kuchepetsa tizirombo.Chiwerengero cha tizirombo ta citrus.
The matenda kupewa zotsatira za ukonde tizilombo makamaka akuwonetseredwa kudzipatula njira HIV kufala, njira kupanga mankhwala ndi njira zakupha tizilombo kuwukiridwa, potero mogwira kuletsa ndi kuchepetsa zikamera ndi kuvulaza tizilombo akuluakulu.Pamlingo wina, zimatha kulepheretsa kuchitika kwa matenda ena a bakiteriya ndi mafangasi (monga anthracnose).Canker ndi matenda opatsirana achiwiri omwe amapezeka kwambiri pakulima zipatso za citrus pambuyo pa Huanglongbing.Njira zazikulu za matenda ndi mphepo, mvula, anthu, ndi tizilombo.Monga malo odziyimira pawokha, ukonde wowongolera tizilombo sikuti umangochepetsa pafupipafupi kufala kwapakhungu, komanso umachepetsanso kufalikira kwa canker chifukwa cha kudzipatula kwa njira yayikulu yopatsirana kwa tizirombo akuluakulu omwe amafalitsa ma virus.Mayeso oyerekeza pakati pa net ndi malo otseguka akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa matenda a canker kumasiyana kupitilira 80% pakati pa zipatso za citrus zomwe zimabzalidwa ndi ukonde wa tizilombo ndi malo otetezedwa opanda tizilombo.
2. Sinthani kutentha ndi kuyatsa mu maukonde
Kuphimba ukonde wa tizilombo kungathe kuchepetsa kuwala kwa kuwala, kusintha kutentha kwa nthaka ndi kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kungachepetse mvula mu chipinda chaukonde, kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi mu chipinda cha ukonde, ndi kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa citrus. masamba.Citrus Rutaceae.Amakonda nyengo yofunda ndi yachinyontho, kuzizira kolimba.Mitengo yazipatso yobiriwira komanso yobiriwira nthawi zonse.Kukula kwake, chitukuko, maluwa ndi fruiting zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe monga kutentha, kuwala kwa dzuwa, chinyezi, nthaka, mphepo, kukwera, ndi malo.zokhudzana.Citrus ndi chomera cha semi-negative chomwe chimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.Kuwala kowala ndi 10000-40000 lx, ndipo maola a dzuwa pachaka amakhala pafupifupi maola 1000-2700, omwe amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za zipatso za citrus.
3. Kupewa ndi kuchiza Huanglongbing
Pakadali pano, Huanglongbing yakhala matenda oopsa omwe akukhudza chitukuko ndi kasamalidwe ka makampani a citrus padziko lonse lapansi.Ku South China, zisanachitike zotsogola zatsopano muukadaulo wopewera ndi kuwongolera wa Huanglongbing, kuwongolera ma psyllids kudakhala chinthu chofunikira pakuwongolera kufalikira kwa Huanglongbing, kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, kasamalidwe kamunda wa zipatso, kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe.Ubwino wa anthu ogwira ntchito kumidzi.Psyllid ndiye njira yokhayo yopatsira zachilengedwe ku Huanglongbing, kotero kuwongolera kwa psyllid ndikofunikira kwambiri.The citrus psyllid ali ndi kuchuluka kwa matenda opatsirana (chiwopsezo cha kufala kwa matenda a psyllid imodzi ndi 70% mpaka 80%), ali ndi mphamvu zosuntha komanso kubereka mofulumira, ndipo sagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana ophera tizilombo.imodzi mwa njira zothandiza.
4. Pewani kugwa kwa zipatso
M'chilimwe ku South China, masoka a nyengo monga mvula yamkuntho ndi mvula yamkuntho zimachitika kawirikawiri.Ngati ataphimbidwa ndi maukonde a tizilombo, amatha kuchepetsa kugwa kwa zipatso chifukwa cha mvula yambiri, makamaka panthawi ya kugwa kwa zipatso.Zotsatira zopewera kugwa kwa zipatso ndizodziwikiratu.Zotsatira zoyeserera za Fan Shulei et al.sonyezani kuti mankhwala ophimba maukonde a tizilombo amatha kuonjezera kwambiri chiwerengero cha zipatso zamalonda komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri kutsika kwa zipatso.
5, msika wapamwamba kwambiri, kusunga zipatso za citrus
Muukonde woletsa tizilombo, kasupe kumatenthedwa koyambirira, phenotype ya malalanje a navel idzakhala masiku 5 mpaka 7 m'mbuyomu, ndipo zipatso zatsopano zidzakhala masiku 7 mpaka 10 m'mbuyomu, ndipo nyengo yayikulu idzagwedezeka, zomwe zitha kukulitsa ndalama za alimi a zipatso ndikupanga mtengo wapamwamba.Kuphimba ndi filimu yosanjikiza kumatha kuonjezera kutentha kwa 2 mpaka 3 ° C, kutalikitsa nthawi yopereka zipatso zatsopano, kuzindikira msika wokhazikika, ndikupewa kutaya kosafunikira komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali.
6. Pobisalira mphepo ndi mvula
Ukonde woteteza tizilombo uli ndi mauna ang'onoang'ono, mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, komanso nyengo yabwino.Popanga, zinthu za chimango ndi mitengo yazipatso nthawi zambiri zimakokoloka chifukwa cha mphepo yamkuntho.Kuphimba maukonde 25 a tizilombo kumatha kuchepetsa liwiro la mphepo ndi 15% ~ 20%, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ma meshes 30 kumachepetsa liwiro la mphepo ndi 20% ~ 25%.Matalala ndi mvula yambiri m'chilimwe imatha kuwononga mitengo yazipatso.Kuphimba ukonde wa tizilombo kungathandize kuti matalala asawononge mitengo yazipatso komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mvula yamkuntho.