nkhani

Udindo waukonde wa tizilombo:
Citrus ndi mtengo waukulu kwambiri wa zipatso padziko lonse lapansi.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde oteteza tizilombo kungachepetse kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe ndi opindulitsa pa chitukuko cha ulimi wokhudzana ndi chilengedwe komanso ndi imodzi mwamakina ofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zaulimi zopanda kuipitsa.Chophimba chotchinga ndi tizilombo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza chisanu, mvula yamkuntho, kugwa kwa zipatso, tizilombo ndi mbalame, ndi zina zotero. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ikhoza kutsimikizira zokolola ndi ubwino wa zipatso ndikuwonjezera phindu lachuma.Chotsatira chake, kuunika kwa ukonde woteteza tizilombo kumatha kukhala njira yatsopano yolima mitengo yazipatso.
Ntchito yaikulu yophimba maukonde a tizilombo
1. Letsani zamoyo zakunja
Malinga ndi kukula kwa pobowo lake, ukonde woletsa tizilombo kuti utseke zamoyo zakunja ungathandize kwambiri kutsekereza tizirombo, mbalame ndi makoswe omwe amawononga mbewu.M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kubzala ndi kulima, kukonzanso kwa mitundu ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, mitundu, kugawa ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo ta citrus zasinthanso moyenera.Tizilombo nthata, mamba tizilombo, whiteflies, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tsamba migodi.M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuwonongeka kwa canker m'madera akumwera akuchulukirachulukira.
Ukadaulo wophimba ukonde woteteza tizilombo ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kukhazikitsa mbande za citrus ndi mitengo ina yazipatso yopanda ma virus.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poletsa kuchitika ndi kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga nsabwe zamtundu wa citrus ndi psyllids ya citrus, kuti awonetsetse kuti mbande zamitengo yazipatso zizikhala zotetezeka.Kuyesera kwasonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha psyllids, akangaude ofiira ndi oyendetsa masamba mu chipinda chaukonde ndi chochepa kwambiri kuposa chomwe chili panja pansi pa chikhalidwe cha 40 mesh tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ukonde wa tizilombo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yochepetsera. kuchuluka kwa tizirombo ta citrus.
The matenda kupewa zotsatira za tizilombo ulamuliro ukonde makamaka akuwonetseredwa mwa kudzipatula kwa njira HIV kufala, kupanga mankhwala ndi kuwukira wakupha tizilombo, kuti bwino ziletsa ndi kuchepetsa maonekedwe ndi kuvulaza wamkulu tizirombo.Pamlingo wina, zimatha kulepheretsa kuchitika kwa matenda ena a bakiteriya ndi mafangasi (monga anthracnose).Canker ndi matenda opatsirana omwe ndi achiwiri kwa Huanglongbing pobzala zipatso za citrus.Njira zake zopatsira matenda zimagawika makamaka m'mphepo, mvula, kufalitsa anthu ndi tizilombo.Monga malo odziyimira pawokha, maukonde a tizilombo sikuti amangochepetsa zopanga pafupipafupi, komanso chifukwa njira yayikulu yopatsira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imakhala yokhayokha, kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.Mayeso oyerekeza pakati pa ukonde ndi malo otseguka adawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa matenda a zinziri kumasiyana ndi 80% pakati pa zipatso za citrus zomwe zabzalidwa muukonde woletsa tizilombo ndi malo owonetsetsa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo.
2. Sinthani kutentha ndi kuwala mu maukonde
Kuphimba ukonde woteteza tizilombo kungathe kuchepetsa kuwala kwa kuwala, kusintha kutentha kwa nthaka ndi kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, kungachepetse mvula mu chipinda cha ukonde, kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi mu chipinda cha ukonde, ndi kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa masamba a citrus.Citrus ndi chomera cha banja la Rutaceae.Imakonda nyengo yofunda ndi yachinyontho ndipo imalimbana ndi kuzizira kwambiri.Ndi mtengo wazipatso wotentha komanso wobiriwira nthawi zonse.Kukula ndi kukula kwake, maluwa ndi fruiting zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe monga kutentha, dzuwa, chinyezi, nthaka, mphepo, kutalika ndi malo.zokhudzana.Citrus ndi chomera cha semi-negative ndipo chimakonda kutengera kuwala kwa dzuwa.Kuwala kwamphamvu ndi 10,000-40,000 lx, ndipo maola a dzuwa pachaka amakhala pafupifupi maola 1,000-2,700, omwe amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za kukula kwa citrus.

Kuwala kobalalika kumapindulitsa kupititsa patsogolo photosynthesis, koma kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri nthawi zambiri sikuthandiza kukula kwa zipatso za citrus, ndipo ndikosavuta kuyambitsa kuwotcha kwa zipatso ndi nthambi ndi masamba.Pambuyo pophimba ukonde woteteza tizilombo, kutentha kwa mpweya wa mkati mwa ukonde pansi pa nyengo ya nyengo iliyonse kunali kokulirapo kuposa kuwongolera panthawi yojambulidwa.Ngakhale kuti kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi kotsika kwambiri mu chipinda chaukonde kunali kwakukulu kuposa kuwongolera, kuwonjezeka sikunali koonekeratu, kusonyeza kuti zotsatira zophimba maukonde a tizilombo zinali zochepa.Pa nthawi yomweyi, ponena za chinyezi, mutatha kuphimba ukonde wotsutsa tizilombo, chinyezi chachibale cha mpweya wamkati muukonde ndi wapamwamba kuposa wa kuwongolera, komwe chinyezi chimakhala chapamwamba kwambiri m'masiku amvula, koma kusiyana kwake. ndi chaching'ono kwambiri ndipo chiwonjezeko ndi chochepa kwambiri.Chinyezi chikachulukitsidwa mu chipinda cha ukonde, kutuluka kwa masamba a citrus kumatha kuchepetsedwa.Madzi amakhudza kukula kwa zipatso chifukwa cha mvula komanso chinyezi chambiri.Zinthu zachilengedwe zikakhala zabwino pakukula ndi kukula kwa zipatso, zipatso zimakhala zabwino.
3. Kupewa Huanglongbing
Pakadali pano, Huanglongbing yakhala matenda oopsa omwe akukhudza chitukuko ndi kasamalidwe ka makampani a citrus padziko lonse lapansi.Ku South China, zisanachitike zotsogola zatsopano mu chitetezo ndi kulamulira luso Huanglongbing, ulamuliro wa psyllids wakhala chinthu chofunika kulamulira kufalikira kwa Huanglongbing chifukwa cha dera chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, mode munda kasamalidwe, ndi dongosolo ndi khalidwe la anthu ogwira ntchito kumidzi.Ma psyllids ndi njira yokhayo yopatsira ma psyllids ku Huanglongbing, kotero kupewa ndikuwongolera ma psyllids ndikofunikira kwambiri.Citrus psyllid ili ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri (kuchuluka kwa matenda a psyllid imodzi ndi 70% mpaka 80%), kusamuka komanso kubereka mofulumira, ndipo yayamba kukana mankhwala osiyanasiyana ophera tizilombo ... ndi imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kupewa ndi kulamulira Huanglongbing.
4. Kupewa kutsika kwa zipatso
M'chilimwe cha South China, pali masoka ambiri a nyengo monga mvula yamkuntho ndi mvula yamkuntho.Ngati ukonde woteteza tizilombo ugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba, ukhoza kuchepetsa kugwa kwa zipatso chifukwa cha mvula yamkuntho, makamaka panthawi ya kugwa kwa zipatso.Zotsatira zopewera kugwa kwa zipatso ndizodziwikiratu.Zotsatira zoyesera za Fan Shulei ndi ena zinasonyeza kuti mankhwala ophimba maukonde a tizilombo amatha kuonjezera kwambiri chiwerengero cha zipatso zamalonda ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kutsika kwa zipatso.
5, msika wapamwamba kwambiri, kusunga zipatso za citrus
Muukonde woletsa tizilombo, kasupe imayamba msanga, navel orange phenotype ndi masiku 5 mpaka 7 m'mbuyomo, ndipo zipatso zatsopano zimakhala masiku 7 mpaka 10 m'mbuyomu, ndipo nyengo yam'mwamba imagwedezeka, zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera ndalama za alimi a zipatso. pangani mtengo wapamwamba.Kuphimba ukonde ndi filimu ina kumatha kuonjezera kutentha kwa 2 mpaka 3 °C, kutalikitsa nthawi yopereka zipatso zatsopano, kuzindikira misika yamisika, ndikupewa kutayika kosafunikira chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali.
6, pogona, mphepo
Ukonde woteteza tizilombo uli ndi mauna ang'onoang'ono komanso mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, motero umathandiza kupewa kukokoloka kwa mphepo ndi mvula.Popanga, chifukwa cha mphepo yamkuntho, zinthu za chimango ndi mitengo yazipatso nthawi zambiri zimakokoloka.Kuphimba ndi maukonde 25 a tizilombo kumatha kuchepetsa liwiro la mphepo ndi 15% mpaka 20%, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mauna 30 kumatha kuchepetsa liwiro la mphepo ndi 20% mpaka 25%.Matalala ndi mvula yamkuntho m'chilimwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mitengo yazipatso.Kuphimba ndi ukonde woteteza tizilombo kungalepheretse matalala kuwononga mitengo yazipatso komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mvula yamkuntho.Pambuyo pa mvula yamkuntho, nyengo imakhala yadzuwa mwadzidzidzi, kutentha kumakwera, ndipo chinyezi cha zomera chimakhala chosagwirizana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa mizu yowola.Kutetezedwa kwa ukonde woteteza tizilombo kumatha kupewa kusintha kwachangu kwa kutentha kwa microclimate mu shedi ndikuchepetsa kuvulaza kosalunjika kwa mvula yamkuntho ndi nyengo yadzuwa.